If you’re looking for an eco-friendly, affordable, and efficient mode of transportation, an electric bicycle might be a great option for you. With the increasing trend of alternative commuting, electric bikes have gained popularity in recent years due to their many benefits. However, choosing the best electric bicycle for the money can be difficult considering the wide range of options available on the market.
Before buying an electric bicycle, consider important factors like your budget, the type of terrain you will be riding on, the level of assistance needed, and the distance you plan on traveling. Additionally, it’s crucial to consider the quality and durability of the bike's components like the battery, motor, brakes, and frame. It’s important to also check for additional features like adjustable seat height, lights, and racks.
Questions like, "What are the top electric bicycles on the market for the money? What components should you closely examine before making a purchase? And what should you look out for in terms of battery life, motor type, and built quality?" are some of the things that can catch the attention of people and make them read on. Understanding the factors to consider before buying an electric bicycle will help you make an informed decision and find the best value for your money.
10 Best Electric Bicycle For The Money
# | Product Image | Product Name | Product Notes | Check Price |
---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
Ideal for urban commuting and leisure cycling with a powerful electric motor, removable battery, dual shock absorber, and 7-speed transmission.
|
|
||
2
|
The KORNORGE Electric Bike is ideal for adults looking for a fast and efficient mode of transportation with electric assistance.
|
|
||
3
|
Ideal for adult commuters seeking a high-powered, efficient, and eco-friendly transportation option with excellent speed and maneuvarability.
|
|
||
4
|
The product is ideal for city commuting, picnics, and leisurely rides with a lightweight aluminum frame and foldable design.
|
|
||
5
|
The product is ideal for adults who want a comfortable and versatile hybrid bike for commuting and light off-road use.
|
|
||
6
|
The electric bike is ideal for adults who want a faster and more eco-friendly mode of transportation.
|
|
||
7
|
Ideal for adults who want an efficient and fun way to explore the beach, mountains, and snowy terrains with ease.
|
|
||
8
|
Ideal for adults who want a foldable electric bicycle with a powerful motor, long battery life and fat tires for off-road adventures.
|
|
||
9
|
Ideal for city commuting and leisurely rides with a 350W motor, 32km/h speed, Shimano 7-speed gearbox, and removable lithium battery.
|
|
||
10
|
This product is ideal for adults looking for a powerful and versatile electric bike to use for commuting, off-roading, or leisurely rides.
|
|
1. Cityscape Cruiser: Electric Commuter Bike For Adults.

The Cityscape electric bike is a reliable and powerful mode of transportation that will take you up to 40 miles per charge thanks to its modular 36V, 10Ah battery. This bike is equipped with a 350w rear-drive motor that provides reliable support and allows you to reach a top speed of 19mph.
For those looking for an upgrade in their daily commute, the Cityscape electric bike is the perfect choice. Its Step-Through geometry frame and wide swept-back handlebar provide a comfortable and ergonomic riding experience that makes it the ideal comfort cruiser.
Equipped with 26" puncture-resistant tires, Shimano 7-speed and dual shock absorber, the Cityscape electric bike offers excellent riding experience. The perfect dual disc brakes and lighting system ensure your safety while riding in any condition.
With three working modes, the Cityscape electric bike offers versatility to suit your needs. Enjoy a leisurely ride without pedaling by using the throttle function, or select one of the three different levels of pedal assist to help you reach your destination without breaking a sweat.
The Cityscape electric bike comes mostly pre-assembled, so you won't have to spend a lot of time assembling it. It also features an integrated rear rack that can attach panniers, platforms, or baskets and let the bike carry your cargo on your next adventure.
2. Speedmaster: 26" Electric Bike For Adults

The KORNORGE electric bike is an upgraded version that offers a great riding experience with its powerful features. One of its notable upgrades is the 36V, 12.5AH large-capacity battery, which is built into the front frame for easy access and can be charged both indoors and outdoors. With this removable battery, users can enjoy long hours of riding without any hindrance.
The bike is equipped with a 350W high-speed brushless motor that provides sufficient power when climbing hills and easily crosses various roads. There are three riding modes available, making it easy to accelerate and start by turning the handlebars.
The KORNORGE ebike also features a front hydraulic suspension fork that reduces the bumpy feeling during riding. The thicker tires increase the contact with the ground, and cooperate with the front and rear disc brakes to increase the safety of braking, turning and emergency stop. This ensures that the user can have a smooth and comfortable ride regardless of the terrain.
The step-thru design of the bike makes it easy for users to straddle the bike with ease. This feature makes it suitable for most people from 5'2" – 6'3". The rear frame can accommodate a pannier to carry more things with you on adventure trips.
Users can easily check the current driving speed, riding mode, battery power, etc. on the display, which can also be seen clearly in the sun. The electric bike can ride 32.9 miles in pure electric mode, and the longest driving distance in power-assisted mode is about 40 miles. This makes it ideal for commuting, leisure, and adventure trips.
3. Pathfinder Electric Bike: Fast, Fun & Removable

The electric bike is a reliable and powerful mode of transportation for avid riders. With its 750W brushless motor, it delivers a stable and robust performance, allowing riders to reach a maximum speed of 28mph. The 26" x 4.0 fat tire and Shimano 8-speed gear shift system make it easy to ride on any terrain, whether it's snow, mountains, beaches, or urban roads. It is an ideal companion for all your travel needs.
The electric bike's 48V 15AH large capacity built-in battery ensures a riding range of 30~65 miles. This battery is removable, making it convenient to take home or office for recharging. The thoughtful design of the electric bicycle includes fenders and a sturdy rear rack that keeps you protected on rugged routes and in any weather. The included rear rack expands your storage capacity, while the large headlight makes you fearless in the dark. The hydraulic suspension fork makes it easy to ride on off-road and big drop terrain.
The full-color LCD display is another feature that enhances the electric bike's functionality. The display provides real-time information on battery life and riding statistics. Colorful icons prevent visual fatigue effectively, and the LCD backlight ensures clear visibility at night or in the sun. The bike has a Bluetooth connection through the app to show real-time riding data.
The electric bike controller adopts a sine wave controller, reducing harmonic content and heat, providing better performance, and a gentler bike start. It also reduces the noise during riding, making the ride more comfortable.
Rattan Pathfinder electric bicycle comes with a 2-year warranty and excellent customer service. If you need any question or assistance, you can contact Rattan customer service by email or phone. Rattan also has a repair shop set up in the US to provide customers with a better view of the ebike. Overall, the electric bike is an excellent investment for those who seek a reliable, powerful, and comfortable ride.
4. Comfycommute: Foldable Lightweight Electric Bikes

The Easy Folding E-Bike boasts a lightweight aluminum alloy frame that exudes simplicity and dynamism. Its tightly articulated body gives it a spacious appearance and allows for easy folding in three places, making it convenient to store in your trunk or take in and out of the elevator. Whether you're commuting around the city or enjoying outdoor leisure and sports, this e-bike can handle it all with ease.
The Powerful Brushless Motor is equipped with the latest technology, providing a strong power output that can tackle different riding conditions. The variable road sections are easy to pass, and you'll feel like you're flying free on the open road. Enjoy the ride with the whisper-quiet operation that ensures a peaceful experience.
The High-Capacity Lithium-ion Battery boasts a pull-out design for flexible charging. Weighing only about 3.5kg, the removable battery is perfectly placed under the seat. It provides 48V 12Ah of abundant power, delivering long-lasting and powerful energy output, with an electric range of up to 30 miles. With this impressive battery life, you can travel freely and explore impromptu journeys to your heart's content.
The Shock Absorber and Disc Brake system offers a comfortable ride with a reduced bump effect. The front shock absorber is both lockable and adjustable, allowing for a customized riding experience. The high-quality disc brakes and lighting system can fully protect you and make the ride safer.
This e-bike comes with Professional After-Sales Service, ensuring that you have access to excellent customer support. Local warehouse shipping guarantees fast, timely delivery. It is the manufacturer's goal to provide customers with high-quality products and excellent service. The technical department is always available to solve any problems that may arise.
5. Schwinn Comfort Hybrid Bike – Elite Dual Sport.

The hybrid bike is the perfect companion for those who seek versatility in their cycling adventures. With its aluminum dual-sport frame and suspension fork, riders can conquer any terrain with ease. The 700c wheels are ideal for riders who stand between 68 to 72 inches tall, providing a comfortable and efficient ride.
This adult bike is equipped with 24-speed trigger shifters that allow for easy and precise gear changes, ensuring that riders experience high performance every time. Additionally, the front and rear disc brakes provide crisp all-condition braking, giving riders supreme control over their bike.
The handlebar and stem of this bike are lightweight yet durable, allowing for precision riding. The triple-density ergonomic grips and sport saddle touch key comfort points, providing riders with a soft and comfortable ride.
6. Ecorider Deluxe Electric Bike – Upgrade Your Commute!

Introducing the electric bike with a powerful 750W high speed brushless motor, perfect for those seeking a high-performance mountain climbing experience. The 20''X3.0 anti-skidding fat tires will enable you to ride with ease on snow, mountain terrains, beaches, and urban roads, providing you with the ultimate riding experience.
This e-bike is equipped with an extra-long range expert feature that boasts of a large-capacity 48V 15Ah removable waterproof lithium-ion battery. This long-lasting and surging energy will allow you to travel with ease, providing you with a safer and more convenient ride. It has a full electric mode range of up to 40 miles, providing you with abundant and lasting high power output for your riding needs.
The electric bike comes with an intelligent vector control system that is efficient, sensitive, and precise in its control. This system acts as the brain of the vehicle and is equipped with several interconnected parts that collect, analyze, and provide real-time data feedback through the high-definition LCD meter. This efficient and sensitive system ensures accurate control of kinetic response, saving more power and providing you with an extraordinary experience.
The handlebar of this ebike for adults is adjustable according to your needs, and its unique foldable design makes it easier to put into the trunk, convenient to carry and store, perfect for outdoor activities and short trips.
Our local warehouse ensures fast and timely delivery, and our technical department is always available to solve any worries you may have. Our aim is to provide customers with high-quality products and excellent service, making your experience with our electric bike a memorable one.
7. Mountain Glide E-Bike: 750w Power, Fat Tires

Introducing the ECOTRIC HAMMER ebike, a powerful and cost-effective mountain e-bike that offers four working modes to suit your riding needs. With its 750W brushless motor, you'll have a quiet, smooth, and powerful ride that can be driven in three modes: Pedal Assist Mode, Fully Electric Mode, and Pedal Mode. Additionally, the Booster Mode allows the ebike to travel at 6 km/h (3.73 MPH), making it easy to push.
The ECOTRIC HAMMER ebike is equipped with a Shimano 7-speed shifter gears, providing you with an unexpected cycling experience that is both efficient and low maintenance. You'll also appreciate the adjustable hydraulic disc brake and MTB suspension fork, which offer a strong and responsive braking force in different conditions and provide a comfortable ride by changing the amplitude of the front fork's rebound.
The large removable 48V 12.5AH battery is another great feature of the ECOTRIC HAMMER ebike. You can charge it at home or elsewhere, and it comes with water-proof and overcharge protection functions for added safety. With a default maximum speed of 20 MPH, the pure electric power mileage could be over 20 miles, and if you pedal, the last distance per charge will be over 35 miles.
No need to worry about getting your clothes dirty from mud and dust as the ECOTRIC HAMMER ebike includes front and rear fenders. This feature saves you time and money as there is no need to purchase them separately.
Finally, the ECOTRIC HAMMER ebike comes with an 18-month warranty against manufacturing defects in materials or workmanship on its frame, battery, motor, controller, and display. You can shop with confidence, knowing that you are getting a high-quality product that is backed by a solid warranty.
8. Foldable Fat Tire Ebike With Powerful Motor

Experience a new level of biking with the Powerful Brushless Motor Folding E-Bike. With its latest technology, the bike provides a strong power output that is perfect for various conditions. The Shimano 7-speed transmission system allows you to have more options when riding, making every acceleration a different feeling of travel. This makes it easy to pass through variable road sections, giving you the sensation of flying free on the open road. The whisper-quiet operation adds to the overall experience and ensures a peaceful ride.
The bike is equipped with a high-capacity Lithium-ion Battery that is easy to charge thanks to its pull-out design. Weighing only about 3.5kg, the removable battery is perfectly placed under the seat. The 48V15Ah of abundant power brings long-lasting and strong energy output, with an electric range of up to 40 miles. This makes it possible to travel freely and explore impromptu journeys to your heart's content.
The bike's lightweight aluminum alloy frame and tightly articulated body make the visual appearance simple and generous, full of dynamics. The whole car can be folded in three places, stretching freely, easily fitting into the trunk, and making it easy to move in and out of the elevator. This shows the static mechanical art and makes it perfect for city commuting or outdoor leisure and sports and fitness.
The Folding E-Bike features a dual shock absorber system that reduces bumps and provides more comfort during the ride. The front shock fork is lockable and adjustable, ensuring that you have full control over your ride. The high-quality double disc brakes and lighting system can fully protect you and make the ride safer.
The brand aims to provide customers with high-quality products and excellent service. The bike comes with professional after-sales service from a local warehouse, ensuring fast timeliness. The technical department is always available to solve any worries or issues you may have.
9. Urban Cruiser E-Bike: 26" Electric Commuter

The City Electric Bicycle is a top-of-the-line electric bike for adults that offers a variety of features to help you enjoy a comfortable and efficient ride. With a 350W high speed brushless motor, this bike can reach speeds of up to 32 km/h when the speed limit is removed. The three riding modes allow you to choose the speed that best suits your needs, ranging from 18 to 25 km/h.
This electric bike comes equipped with a large capacity removable battery that has a range of 35-50 kilometers on a single charge. It can be fully charged within 4-6 hours and can be used normally throughout the day by charging it at night. The bike's 3 working modes include Pure Electric Mode, Electric Assist Mode, and Normal Riding Mode, providing you with a range of options to suit your needs.
The Shimano 7-Speed Transmission and Disc Brake ensure that you can ride on different city streets without any obstacles. The transmission gives you a wider range of action and adapts to different terrains, while the front and rear disc brakes provide reliable braking power and riding safety.
This electric bike is backed by high quality after-sales service and comes with a one-year guarantee from the date of purchase. If you have any questions or concerns, the manufacturer offers a 24-hour solution to help you resolve any issues.
The City Electric Bicycle is 90% pre-assembled when it arrives, including battery, charger, and instruction manual. The installation process is made easy with an installation video to help guide you through the process. This electric bike is shipped from US warehouses and is transported by local logistics, ensuring that it can be delivered to your home within 4-6 days after delivery.
10. Peak Performance Electric Mountain Bike

Introducing the powerful and reliable 750W BAFANG Motor Electric Bike equipped with a lockable suspension fork for a comfortable and safe riding experience. With a maximum speed of 32MPH (52KM/H), the 750W BAFANG Motor provides impressive climbing power, making it perfect for commuting or mountain cruising.
This electric bike is powered by a large capacity 48V 14AH LG battery, offering three different riding modes: Ordinary Bicycle, PAS Mode, and Electric Mode. The electric mode can travel up to 80 KM/49 Miles, while the PAS Mode can travel up to 100-120KM/62-75Miles. This bike is suitable for all types of riders and can meet your daily commuting and mountain cruising needs.
Equipped with a professional Shimano 7-speed gear finger shifters, this electric bike is convenient to ride uphill, downhill or pure acceleration. The front and rear dual disc brakes provide stable and strong braking force, ensuring the safety of your riding experience.
The 26"*4.0" fat tire is non-slip and wear-resistant, providing strong grip and puncture resistance to ensure safe driving. With a maximum load capacity of 330LBS/150KG, this bike is durable and reliable. Additionally, the smart LCD display makes it convenient to control or display battery power, speed, mileage and assist level.
The bicycle arrives 85% assembled, and with detailed instructions and installation tools, you can easily complete the installation process. The manufacturer provides half or 1-year warranty for different bicycle parts, and if there is any damage or failure with the bike, you can contact them by your order and send relevant photos and videos of the problem.
Best Electric Bicycle For The Money FAQs
Are there any electric bicycle models that are known for being particularly good value for money?
Yes, there are several electric bicycle models that are known for being particularly good value for money. One of the best options is the Ancheer Power Plus Electric Mountain Bike, which offers a powerful motor, a comfortable ride, and long battery life for a very reasonable price. Another great option is the Ecotric 20" Fat Tire Folding Electric Bike, which is highly portable, easy to store, and comes with a range of features including a powerful motor, fat tires for extra stability, and a comfortable saddle. The Swagtron EB5 Pro Electric Folding Bike is another great value option, with a lightweight frame, a powerful motor, and a range of convenient features like a built-in kickstand and a USB charging port. Other popular models include the NAKTO Electric Bicycle, the Razor EcoSmart Metro Electric Scooter, and the Cyclamatic Power Plus CX1 Electric Mountain Bike. Ultimately, the best electric bicycle for you will depend on your specific needs and preferences, but these models are a great place to start your search for a high-quality, affordable electric bike.
Are there any electric bicycles that are particularly affordable while still offering good quality and performance?
Yes, there are electric bicycles that are both affordable and offer good quality and performance. One option is the Ancheer Power Plus Electric Mountain Bike, which has a price point under $1,000 and features a 250W motor and 21-speed transmission system. Another option is the Swagtron EB-5 Pro Lightweight and Aluminum Folding EBike, which is priced around $600 and has a 14-inch frame, a 250W motor, and a range of up to 15.5 miles on a single charge. The Ecotric Fat Tire Electric Bike is another affordable option, priced under $1,000, with a 500W motor and a range of up to 23 miles on a single charge. It's important to note that while these bikes may be affordable, it's still important to do research and read reviews to ensure they meet your specific needs and expectations for quality and performance.
How can I compare different electric bicycle models to determine which one offers the best value for my needs and budget?
Comparing electric bicycle models can be overwhelming, but there are several factors to consider when determining the best value for your needs and budget. Here are some tips to help you compare different electric bicycle models:
1. Motor power and battery life: Look for an electric bicycle with a powerful motor and long-lasting battery. A higher wattage motor will provide better assistance, while a larger battery will offer a longer range.
2. Frame and design: Consider the frame material, size, and design. Aluminum frames are lightweight and durable, while step-through designs are easier to mount and dismount.
3. Brakes and gears: Look for electric bicycles with high-quality brakes and gears. Disc brakes are more effective than rim brakes, while a derailleur gear system offers more flexibility.
4. Price and warranty: Compare the prices of different electric bicycles and check the warranty. A longer warranty is an indication of better quality.
5. Reviews and recommendations: Look for reviews and recommendations from other electric bicycle owners. Online forums and social media groups are great places to start.
By considering these factors, you can compare different electric bicycle models and determine which one offers the best value for your needs and budget.
How do I know if I am getting a good deal on an electric bicycle?
When it comes to purchasing an electric bicycle, there are a few factors to consider to ensure you are getting a good deal. Firstly, it’s important to research the average price range for electric bicycles with the features you are looking for. This will give you a baseline for what is considered a fair price. You should also compare prices between different brands and retailers to see if there are any sales or promotions available.
Another way to determine if you are getting a good deal is to read reviews from other customers who have purchased the same or similar electric bicycles. This can give you an idea of the quality of the product and if it is worth the price.
It’s also important to consider the warranty and customer service offered by the manufacturer or retailer. A good warranty and responsive customer service can provide added value to your purchase and make it worthwhile to spend a little extra.
Ultimately, the best way to ensure you are getting a good deal on an electric bicycle is to do your research, compare prices and features, and read reviews from other customers.
How does the cost of an electric bicycle compare to the cost of a traditional bicycle or car?
The cost of an electric bicycle typically falls somewhere in between the cost of a traditional bicycle and a car. Traditional bicycles can range anywhere from a few hundred dollars to a few thousand dollars, depending on the brand, materials, and features. Electric bicycles, on the other hand, can range from around $500 to $5,000 or more, depending on the quality and type of electric motor, battery, and other features.
Compared to cars, electric bicycles are generally much less expensive. While cars can cost tens of thousands of dollars or more, electric bicycles are typically priced in the low to mid-thousands. Additionally, electric bicycles are much cheaper to operate and maintain than cars, as they require no gasoline and have fewer moving parts that can break down.
Overall, the cost of an electric bicycle can vary greatly depending on the specific model and features. However, when compared to traditional bicycles and cars, electric bicycles typically fall somewhere in the middle in terms of cost.
How much should I spend on an electric bicycle to get the best value?
The cost of an electric bicycle can vary greatly depending on the brand, features, and quality of the bike. Generally, you can expect to pay between $1,000 to $3,000 for a good quality electric bike that will provide you with the best value.
Spending less than $1,000 might get you a basic electric bike, but it may not be durable or offer the best performance. On the other hand, spending more than $3,000 may not be necessary unless you are looking for top-of-the-line features and advanced technology.
When purchasing an electric bike, it's important to consider your needs and intended use. If you plan to use the bike for commuting or long-distance rides, investing in a higher-end model may be worth it. However, if you only plan to use the bike for occasional leisurely rides, a more affordable option may suffice.
Ultimately, it's important to do your research and compare different models and brands to find the best electric bike that fits your budget and needs.
What are some reputable brands that offer high-quality electric bicycles at a reasonable price?
There are several reputable brands that offer high-quality electric bicycles at a reasonable price. One of the most popular brands is Rad Power Bikes, which offers a wide range of electric bicycles that are affordable and reliable. Another well-known brand is Aventon, which produces high-quality electric bicycles that are designed for both commuting and recreational riding.
Other reputable brands that offer high-quality electric bicycles at a reasonable price include Ancheer, which is known for its affordable yet high-performing electric bikes, and Ecotric, which produces electric bicycles that are designed for off-road riding and adventure.
Additionally, some other brands that are worth considering include Swagtron, which produces affordable and stylish electric bicycles, and NAKTO, which offers a range of electric bicycles that are designed for a variety of different riders and purposes.
Ultimately, the best electric bicycle brand for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences, as well as your budget. It's a good idea to do some research and read reviews before making a purchase to ensure that you're getting the best value for your money.
What are the most important factors to consider when choosing an electric bicycle based on value for money?
When choosing an electric bicycle based on value for money, there are several important factors to consider. Firstly, you should consider the motor power and battery life of the e-bike. A powerful motor and long-lasting battery will ensure that you can travel longer distances without having to recharge frequently. Secondly, the weight of the bike is important as it affects the ease of handling and maneuvering. A lighter bike is generally easier to handle and more convenient to transport. Thirdly, the quality of the brakes and suspension systems are also important factors to consider as they impact the safety and comfort of the ride. Fourthly, the overall durability and build quality of the e-bike should also be considered, as a well-built bike will last longer and require less maintenance. Finally, it is important to consider the brand reputation and customer service, as a reputable brand with excellent customer service will provide better support and peace of mind in case of any issues. By considering all these factors, you can make an informed decision and choose an electric bicycle that offers the best value for money.
What features should I look for in an electric bicycle to ensure I am getting the best value for my money?
When purchasing an electric bicycle, there are various features you should consider to ensure that you get the best value for your money. Some of the features to look for include the type of motor, battery, frame, brakes, and gears.
Firstly, the type of motor is a crucial feature to consider when buying an electric bike. You should consider the power output, efficiency, and noise level of the motor. A high-quality motor will provide a smooth and silent ride.
Secondly, the battery is another essential feature to consider. The battery should have a long life and provide enough power to cover the distance you intend to travel. You should also consider the charging time and the location of the battery on the bike.
Thirdly, the frame of the electric bike should be durable and lightweight. It should be made of high-quality materials such as aluminum or carbon fiber.
Fourthly, the brakes are another crucial feature to consider. You should look for hydraulic disc brakes, which provide better stopping power and require less maintenance than traditional rim brakes.
Lastly, you should consider the gears of the electric bike. A bike with multiple gears will provide more flexibility and allow you to tackle different terrains easily.
Overall, by considering these features, you can ensure that you get the best value for your money when purchasing an electric bike.
What is the best electric bicycle for the money?
Selecting the best electric bicycle for the money can be a challenging task, as there are several options available in the market. However, a few electric bicycles stand out for their quality, reliability, and affordability. One of the best electric bicycles for the money is the Ecotric Fat Tire Electric Bike. This bike offers a powerful 500-watt motor, a long-lasting battery, and an impressive range of up to 45 miles per charge. It also has fat tires that provide excellent traction and stability, making it an ideal choice for off-road adventures.
Another great electric bike option is the Ancheer Power Plus Electric Mountain Bike. This bike features a durable aluminum frame, a powerful 250-watt motor, and a removable battery that can provide up to 50 miles of range on a single charge. It also has a comfortable saddle, adjustable front suspension, and reliable disc brakes, making it a great all-around bike for commuting and off-road adventures.
Overall, the Ecotric Fat Tire Electric Bike and Ancheer Power Plus Electric Mountain Bike are both excellent choices that offer great value for money. However, it's important to consider your specific needs and budget before making a final decision.